-I-

Akhenaten 1-12. (the great hymn to the Aten)

Miriam Lichtheim – (from 'Ancient Egyptian Literature - A Book of Readings, volume II)  

O Ra!

Splendid you rise in heaven's lightland,

O living Aten, creator of life!

When you have dawned in eastern lightland,

You fill every land with beauty.

You are beauteous, great, radiant,

High over every land;

Your rays embrace the lands,

To the limit of all that you made.

Being Ra, you reach their limits,

You bend them for the son whom you love;

Though you are far, your rays are on earth,

Though one sees you, your strides are unseen.

O Ra!

Sindid reen'en heeven litlân

O Aten livin cahtor liven!

Wen donen eesten litlân

Fillen tootlan biutan.

Bootun ah, Gootun ah, Radu ah,

Hagor tootlân tootlân.

Razen blazen landen

Tu rahz duzal mudan

Ra ben reechen Rahzen

Bendem sundem loavem;

Thodu far, razen ur;

Thomen sar, Steeder sinnen un.  

-II-

Surya Mantra – Gayatri (1)

Let us dwell on the lovely splendour of Savitry (Surya)

That he may inspire our minds.

Aum Bhur Bhuva Svah

Tat Savitur Varenyam

Bhargo Devasya Dheemahe

Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat.

-III-

The Sun's mass is estimated at 1.989 x 10³⁰Kg (10²⁷ tons) i.e. just under 2x10³⁰ Kg.  

Zarathustra:  

Zarathustra:

"Du grosses Gestirn!

"Was wäre dein Glück, wenn du nicht hättest welchen du leuchtest!  

The Sun's diameter, measured at the photosphere, is

1 391 940 km. I.e. 109xEarth's diameter.  

The Sun's diameter, measured at the photosphere, is one million three hundred ninety one thousand nine hundred and forty kilometers.

That is hundred and nine times the Earth's diameter.  

Zarathustra:

"Zehn Jahre kamst du hier herauf-zu meiner Höhle.

"Du würdest deines Lichtes und dieses Weges satt geworden sein ohne mich, meine Adler und meiner Schlange.  

Zarathustra:  

O Ra!

Earth brightens when you dawn in lightland,

When you shine as Aten of daytime;

As you dispell the dark,

As you cast your rays,

The (two) Lands are in festivity.

Awake they stand on their feet,

You have roused them;

Bodies cleansed, clothed,

Their arms adore your appearance.

Trees, herbs are sprouting,

Birds fly from their nests,

Their wings greeting your ka.

The entire land sets out to work,

All beasts browse on their herbs;              

All flocks frisk on their feet,

All that fly up and alight,

They live when you dawn for them.

Ships fare North, fare South as well,

Roads lie open when you rise;

The fish in the river dart before you,

Your rays are in the midst of the sea.  

O Ra!

Ur lumid wen donen litlân

Wen sheenen's Aten dahten;

(wen) Dispeller Dahk,

(wen) Kasteller Rahz,

Landen festen.

Ah-wake feeter stan

Ah-rouset han;

Bodi püra, vetüra,

Armen doran mien.

Arbor, erbor shoot,

Avor flienov nesten,

Wingor geerten ka.

Total-lân toot laborân,

Toot-anim esvor ebor;

Toot-offlok rollick feeter,

Too flien arrüp, allit,

Liven wen donen ah-them.

Boaten Norket sail, Surket sail,

Roden open wendu rain;

Fishor rivor-rodu hail,

Razen ben midor u'zain.  

-IV-

Surya Mantra – Gayatri (2)

Let us dwell on the lovely splendour of Savitry (Surya)

That he may inspire our minds.

Aum Bhur Bhuva Svah

Tat Savitur Varenyam

Bhargo Devasya Dheemahe

Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat.

-Va-

Luminosity is 3.85 x 10²³kW

Effective temperature is 5778 K

The Sun's luminosity is three point eighty five times ten to the power twenty three kilowatt.

Its effective temperature is five thousand seven hundred and seventy eight degrees Kelvin. [roughly 6000 K]

To be precise:  

·         Minimum sunspot 4400 K

·         Coronal large scale structures and holes 

1 000 000 – 2 000 000 K

Who makes seed grow in women,

Who creates people from sperm;

Who feeds the son in his mother's womb,

Who soothes him to still his tears.

Nurse in the womb,

Giver of breath,

To nourish all that he made.

When he comes from the womb to breathe,

On the day of his birth,

You open wide his mouth,

You supply his needs.

When the chick in the egg speaks in the shell,

You give him breath within to sustain him;

When you have made him complete,

To break out from the egg,

He comes out from the egg,

To announce his completion,

Walking on his legs he comes from it.  

U magró sem'en woman,

U cahtor sempen mensen;

U fedor sont'en muder woom,

U sooth'on tieren still.

Noor ten woom,

Givor Ahtem,

Nuren tutal mudan.

Wen comet dawoom ak ahár,

Dahtenog buren,

Opener  muren,

Sooplayner nuden.

Wen chick en egg'shell speek,

Ghiver Ahtem innen ak sustár;

Wen complaytet,

Ak brayken eggson,

Ek  sorten eggson,

Ak annoncetár complayshen,

Ek sorten ambulant'o leggon.  

Chemical Composition

91% H - by mass: 71% H

9% He                    27% He

0.1% other             2% other  

The sun's chemical composition is:

Ninety one percent hydrogen - by volume;

Nine percent helium;

And the remaining fraction (of a percent) are other elements.  

How many are your deeds,

Though hidden from sight,

O sole God beside whom there is none!  

Quantom dahn,

Hiddom sahn,

O solar Gott – nah ben noh!  

-Vb-

Zarathustra:

Du Grosses Gestirn!

Siehe! Ich bin meiner Weisheit überdrüssig, wie die Biene, die des Honigs zuviel gesammelt hat, ich bedarf die Hände, die sich ausstrecken.

Ich möchte verschenken und austeilen, bis die Weisen unter den Menschen ihrer Torheit und die Armen wieder einmal ihres Reichtums froh geworden sind.

Dazu muss ich in die Tiefe steigen: wie du des Abends tust, wenn du hinter das Meer gehst und noch der Unterwelt Licht bringst.

Du überreiches Gestirn!  

Rotation and magnetic cycles

Sunspot cycle is 11 years (average)

Magnetic cycle is 22 years.

Sunspot activity increases and decreases every eleven years.

The sun's magnetic cycle is twenty two years.  

-Vc-

You made the earth as you wished, you alone.

All people, herds and flocks;

All upon earth that walk on legs,

All on high that fly on wings,

The lands of Khor and Kush,

The land of Egypt.

You set every man in his place,

You supply their needs;

Everyone has his food,

His lifetime is counted.

Their tongues differ in speech,

Their characters likewise;

Their skins are distinct,

For you distinguished the peoples.

U ma Ur at wonten, solar U.

Toot-ôm, toot-urd, toot-offlock;

Toot Urdom ambuleggon,

Toot-arrüp wingorof flien,

Lander af Khor y Kush,

Aegypt lân.

U planer set toot-man,

U supplayner nuden;

Toot-man â food,

Tid-liven countet.

Tongor speek differ,

Carator differ;

Skinnor distintiv,

U distinket mensen.  

-Vd-  

You made Hapy (the Nile) in dat,

You bring him when you will,

To nourish the people,

For you made them for yourself.

Lord of all who toils for them,

Lord of all lands who shines for them,

Aten of day-time, great in glory!

All distant lands, you make them live,

You made a heavenly Hapy (i.e.rain) descend for them;

He makes waves on the mountains like the sea,

To drench their fields and their towns.

How excellent are your ways, O Lord of Eternity!

A Hapy from heaven for foreign peoples,

And all lands' creatures that walk on legs,

For Egypt the Hapy who comes from dat.  

U ma Hâpy en dat,

Bir'in wen wonten,

Ak Nuren mensen,

Koz U ma 'them ah-selfor.

Hir af toot-ôm, ah-them toiler,

Hir af toot-lân, ah-them sheener,

Aten dahten, grandiglory!

Toot-lân distân, U ma liv,

U ma himlen Hapy ah-them dessendér,

Maket waver at bergan com zain,

Drinken'ter felder, drinken'ter toner.

Excellan mannor, O Hir af Evvar!

Hâpy o'hevven ah-forrin mensen,

Y crator tootlâns ambuleggon,

Hâpy comet da dat ah-Aegypt.  

-Ve-

Almost all the energy the earth receives is that which the sun radiates.

From "The timeless energy of the sun", Madanjeet Singh, Unesco World Solar Programme 1996-2005, Thames and Hudson – London 1998.  

The Sun is the one source of energy that sustains and links all life.

Solar power is the origin of many forms of energy, such as

Heat; brain and muscle power; fossil fuels;

Biomass;

Aero-dynamic, Hydro-electric, Geo-thermal,

Reflective, Photo-voltaic power.  

Zarathustra:

Du Grosses Gestirn!

Du Überreiches Gestirn! Wohlan!

Sie schlafen noch, diese höheren Menschen, während ich wach bin: das sind nicht meine rechten Gefährten!

Nicht auf sie warte ich hier in meinen Bergen.

Zu meinem Werke will ich, zu meinem Tage:

Aber sie verstehen nicht was die Zeichen meines Morgens sind, mein Schritt ist für sie kein Weckruf.

Mein Adler ist wach und ehrt gleich mir die Sonne.

Mit Adlers Klauen greift er nach dem Lichte. Ihr sind meine rechten Tiere; ich liebe euch.  

-Vf-

Your rays nurse all fields,

When you shine they live, they grow for you;

You made the season to foster all you made,

Winter to cool them, heat that they taste you.

You made the far sky to shine therein,

To behold all that you made;

You alone, shining in your form of living Aten,

Risen, radiant, distant, near.

You made millions of forms for yourself alone,

Towns, villages, fields, the river's course;

All eyes observe you upon them,

For you are Aten of daytime on high.

O Ra!  

Rahzen nuren felder,

Wen sheener livven, ah t'U grover;

U ma seezon ak foster al mudan,

Winter ak cooler, Zommer ak teyster U.

Firmamenten ma ak sheenen,

Holden al mudan;

Solar Solar, sheenet format livvin Aten U,

Reenan, Radan, Distan, Neran.

Million formen solar selfor,

Toner, hamler, felder, riveran;

Toot og t'observen them uppon,

Koz ar Aten dahten tootan Ho.

O Ra!  

-VI -

Surya Mantra - Gayatri (3)

Let us dwell on the lovely splendour of Savitry (Surya)

That he may inspire our minds  

Aum Bhur Bhuva Svah

Tat Savitur Varenyam

Bhargo Devasya Dheemahe

Dhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat.

- VII -

Akhenaten 13-23

When you set in western lightland

Earth is in darkness as if in death;

One sleeps in chambers, heads covered,

One eye does not see another.

Were they robbed of their goods

That are under their heads,

People would not remark it.

Every lion comes from its den,

All the serpents bite;

Darkness hovers, earth is silent,

As their maker rests in lightland.  

Wen sett'en westen litlân

Ur en Dahk – com en Doom;

En kahmen dormet, heddar covet,

Un og net seeyen alter.

Weren robet theyren gooder

Hidden undor heddar,

Mensen net observen.

Toot leoner denson apparran,

Toot serpenter bittan;

Hover Dahk,  Silan Ur,

Cahtor rest en litlân.